In what circumstance can a buyer initiate a complaint against a dealer?

A buyer can initiate a complaint against a dealer when they believe they were misled by the dealer because this situation pertains to a violation of consumer rights and regulations set forth in the motor vehicle sales industry. Misleading practices can include false advertising, providing incomplete or inaccurate information about a vehicle, or making claims that affect the buyer's decision-making. Such actions can compromise the trust essential in the dealer-buyer relationship and may lead to legal repercussions for the dealer.

The other options do not represent valid grounds for a formal complaint. Unsatisfactory service, while frustrating for the buyer, may not breach any legal requirements or consumer protection laws, thus not warranting an official complaint. The location of the dealership has no bearing on the dealer's professional obligations and cannot be a basis for a complaint. Minor defects in a vehicle may also not be sufficient grounds for a complaint unless they were explicitly misrepresented by the dealer, as most vehicles may have such imperfections that are not considered violations of sales practices unless disclosed inaccurately.